Binge Drinking In Teenagers Health And Social Care Essay

Hard-core boozing In Teenagers Health And Social Care Essay Hostile to social practices, for example, hard-core boozing in adolescents and youthful grown-ups have been a major issue and furthermore contributed altogether to the death rates in United Kingdom. Hitting the bottle hard is related with non modifiable hazard factors, for example, age, sex and modifiable hereditary inclination just as modifiable hazard factors, for example, smoking, viciousness, assault and medication misuse. The control of hard-core boozing among these youthful grown-ups is significant in forestalling any type of hazard factors that could harm their way of life or become a danger to nature and family. Proposition have been made by the UK Department of Health (DoH) with respect to the present worries of hazard and expanding predominance of hitting the bottle hard among youngsters and youthful grown-ups. Potential choices for activity have been proposed and accessible bits of proof are utilized to talk about issues, for example, instruction, correspondence, working with the Government and furthermore working with the neighborhood business. It is suggested that there ought to be an electronic evaluation application that will assist with creating electronic criticism like that of the e-Nudge preliminary is been created and received. It is likewise suggested that if the Government could work with the well behaved powers in UK to decrease hitting the bottle hard among these subgroups It is suggested that further research ought to be completed to examine the cost adequacy of these proposals and the possibility. Foundation Reviews with youngsters in the United States, United Kingdom and other European nations have reported that youthful and juvenile is common in hitting the bottle hard. Cahalan and Crossley (1969) characterized hitting the bottle hard as taking at any rate five mixed beverages devoured during a meeting. Extensive College Alcohol Study (CAS) in Harvard School of Public Health led an examination and furthermore re-characterized hard-core boozing as five beverages for men and four beverages for ladies on a solitary event inside the previous fourteen days (Davenport, Wechsler, Dowdall, Castillo and Moeykens, 2004). Hitting the bottle hard is a significant general wellbeing and security issue and its related with wellbeing dangers, for example, coronary illness (CHD) and cardiovascular coronary illness (CVD), and the momentary impacts incorporates viciousness, mishaps, assault cases and hostile to social practices (ASB). Hostile to social practices (ASB) have fundamentally added to worldwide mortality and have been anticipated to cause more harm if not controlled. For such a large number of adolescents and young people in UK and which are additionally impacted by peer pressure, they have picked hitting the bottle hard as a major aspect of their way of life and these way of life could be unwinding with companions in an open situation, bar, party or at home. Home office has completed two investigations which was the connection between hitting the bottle hard and the hazard factors among 18-25 years. The principal study (Richardson and Budd, 2003) inspected the connection between a hostile conduct and hitting the bottle hard while the subsequent examination (Engineer et al., 2003) was to measure between the social setting of hard-core boozing and the key discoveries were: The majority of the gorge consumers were men (48%) than ladies (31%); There was a solid connection between been hostile and drinking, and furthermore causing solid fierce wrongdoings after been tanked; A large portion of the gorge consumers (60%) conceded been associated with an awful conduct after or during drinking which was contrasted with the 25% of ordinary consumers. The current enormous, populace based examination endeavors to address the issues on the solid connection between abstract wellbeing and gorge consumers. Choices for activity There are various methodologies that could be embraced in actualizing the new program. These choices must be viable and furthermore diminish the present worry in hard-core boozing. It is additionally set out that these alternatives should work with the business, law authorization organizations, networks, and the Government. They are: An enhancement for the authorization on youngsters drinking in broad daylight spots and conditions; Working with the businesses To help the adolescents in settling on an insightful choice on liquor These alternatives will require the Government to truly intercede just if the Governments intercession is cognizant, key, supported and estimated. Survey of Evidence It is an illicit demonstration in UK when an underage (under 18) purchases or goes to the bar to have liquor either if the liquor is purchased by them or another person that is more established than 18 years of age. The present Government rules by National Health Service (NHS) expresses that the typical admission of liquor for that of men is 3-4 units in a day while that of ladies is 2-3 units in a day. School of doctors (2002) had a report on hard-core boozing and characterized hitting the bottle hard as the admission of liquor either a man or a lady of at least 10 than 10 units in a solitary meeting. The new national liquor hurt decrease system characterized hard-core boozing as having liquor of 6 units or more for ladies and at least 8 units for men. The greater part as indicated by Strategy Unit (2003) of the youthful grown-ups take liquor underneath 14/21 units for each week, 6.4 million individuals knock back the firewater up to 35/50 units for every week, 1.8 million individuals hit the bottle hard more than 35/50 units for every week. It was additionally recorded that the youthful grown-ups inside the age of 16-24 are delegated gorge consumers having the level of men (half) and ladies (42%). The general population is worried about this despicable demonstration and the Government needs to take care of business since this sort of drinking put youthful and adolescents in danger just as making issues for other people, which might prompt wrongdoing. Fuller E (2006) had an extent where the age scope of 11-15 years of age that drink in the city and in broad daylight places has expanded from 21% to 31% in the year 1999 to 2006. Moreover for the Government to mediate to assume liability of youngsters drinking out in the open, the Hom e office should give a prompt request to the police and the guardians whose kids that continually drink out in the open will likewise must be addressed so conditions like exacting observing of the childs conduct should be met. The focal job of the liquor business is generous and variable personality in the UK society and economy. Hitting the bottle hard doesn't just make an individual powerless against peril and mischief yet additionally harm the wellbeing of the individual which could prompt both short and long haul sickness. For in the course of the only remaining century record, the liquor utilization in UK has raised which makes UK to fall in the center contrasted with other European nations. The methodology of working with the distilleries or ventures requires a solid connection between families, networks, the open administrations, for example, the National Health Service (NHS) and the police, the people and the Government. There is likewise a reasonable view when Government gets the opportunity to work with the business at a national level to present a plan or a law that would work to a lot of norms that will assist with advancing best practice in England. This arrangement must be set up as a law in various manners and furthermore actualized. They are; To ensure that the retailers don't offer to an underage and anyone found or discovered doing such should confront a quick arraignment. Actualize the utilization of Proof of Age Standard Scheme (PASS) among the youthful grown-ups, retailers and the guardians. To help the police to shut down any bar/shop when it has been recognized for making issues in people in general. Youngsters are additionally exceptionally affected by liquor adverts either on TV or in the radio which is likewise the key focuses to address hard-core boozing among adolescents and youthful grown-ups. Crafted by Drink mindful Trust in a model that has been done in the UK to assist battle with gorging drinking. The youthful adolescents themselves should be energized, exhorted and upheld when settling on a choice on taking liquor. They should be told on the impact, hurt, the likely hazard and furthermore get all the proper data about hitting the bottle hard. The requirement for a crusade or a workshop on moderate drinking and not drink to become inebriated. The point ought to be tied in with acquiring change culture, a postponement in age when youngsters should begin drinking and to the individuals who has decided to take part in drinking, to be exhorted on the lower hazard way which ought to be the objective. The Government ought to likewise contact kids and youngsters in schools about liquor training and furthermore medicates. Suggestion In light of the sum total of what that has been talked about, the accompanying proposals ought to be thought of: Improving the ID procedure in the wellbeing framework since it presents assortment of passageways for those with hitting the bottle hard; The utilization of screening and brief mediation for recognizing the degree of liquor utilization utilizing a poll as an apparatus for the overview; and The methodology of implementation which will be an unmistakable lawful system forestalling the offer of liquor to under 21s. The Government can present a national personality cards plot, helpful and secure method of giving and deciding age when youthful grown-ups or adolescents wish to buy age limited items, for example, liquor. The expansion in mindfulness with respect to the significance old enough, condition, and sexual orientation ought to likewise be advanced particularly among ethnic minority gatherings and the socially denied through culture and language touchy wellbeing instruction projects and adverts. Usage of strategy to empower the hazard behind hitting the bottle hard for every single youthful grown-up in the UK ought to likewise be thought of. These would at last help the Minister of State for Public wellbeing and Department of Health to lessen hitting the bottle hard. Proposal In view of the sum total of what that has been examined, the accompanying proposals ought to be thought of; Halting youthful and adolescents in drinking anyplace that is open by giving the police to capture under 18s who drink and act hostile to socially, issue direction to the wellbeing and youthful grown-ups administrations, the police t

Creating Effective Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

Making Effective Fill-in-the-Blank Questions Educators are confronted with composing target tests and tests consistently. The fundamental kinds of target addresses that instructors normally decide to incorporate are different decision, coordinating, genuine bogus, and fill-in-the-clear. Most instructors endeavor to get a blend of these sorts of inquiries so as to best cover the targets that were a piece of the exercise plan. Fill-in-the-clear inquiries are a typical kind of inquiry because of their simplicity of creation and helpfulness in classes over the educational plan. They are viewed as a target question in light of the fact that there is just a single conceivable answer that is right. Questions Stems: who (is, was)what (is)when (did)where (did) These stems are ordinarily used to gauge a wide assortment of generally straightforward aptitudes and explicit information. These incorporate the: Information on termsKnowledge of standards, strategies, or proceduresKnowledge of explicit factsSimple translation of information There are various preferences to fill-in-the-clear inquiries. They give a great way to estimating explicit information, they decrease speculating by the understudies, and they power the understudy to flexibly the appropriate response. At the end of the day, educators can get a genuine vibe for what their understudies really know. These inquiries function admirably over an assortment of classes. Following are a couple of models: Math educators utilize these inquiries when they need the understudy to give the appropriate response without indicating their work. Model: : The nuclear number of Oxygen is _____.Language Arts instructors can utilize these inquiries to recognize statements, characters, and other essential ideas. Model: I am the Canterbury Tales traveler who was hitched multiple times. _____.Foreign language educators discover these kinds of inquiries helpful on the grounds that they permit the instructor to judge not just the understudies comprehension of a specific word yet in addition how it ought to be composed. Model: Jai _____ (hungry). Building Excellent Fill-In-The-Blank Questions Fill-in-the-clear inquiries appear to be very simple to make. With these sorts of inquiries, you don't need to concoct answer decisions as you accomplish for different decision questions. Nonetheless, despite the fact that they give off an impression of being simple, understand that there are various issues that may emerge while making these kinds of inquiries. Following are a few hints and proposals that you can use as you compose these inquiries for your group appraisals. Just use fill-in-the-clear inquiries for testing significant focuses, not explicit details.Indicate the units and level of accuracy anticipated. For instance, on a math question whose answer is various decimal spots, ensure that you state what number of decimal spots you need the understudy to include.Omit just keywords.Avoid such a large number of spaces in a single thing. It is ideal to just have a couple of spaces for understudies to fill in per question.When conceivable, put spaces close to the finish of the item.Do not give pieces of information by changing the length of the clear or the quantity of spaces. At the point when you have wrapped up the evaluation, make certain to take the appraisal yourself. That will assist you with being sure that each question has just a single conceivable answer. This is a typical slip-up that regularly prompts additional work on your part. Confinements of Fill-In-The-Blank Questions There are various confinements that educators ought to comprehend when utilizing fill-in-the-clear inquiries: They are poor for estimating complex learning errands. Rather, they are normally utilized for general information inquiries on the most reduced degrees of Blooms Taxonomy.They must be composed explicitly and cautiously (similarly as with all items).A word bank can give precise data similarly just as an evaluation without a word bank.Students who are poor spellers may encounter issues. It is significant for you to choose if that spelling is going to represent a mark against the understudy and if so for what number of focuses. Understudy Strategies for Answering Fill-in-the-Blank Try not to address an inquiry until you have perused it as far as possible through.Always do the simplest and most clear inquiries first.Pay thoughtfulness regarding the language of the inquiry (action word tense) as a cluePay consideration regarding a word bank (on the off chance that one is given) and utilize the procedure of eliminationRead through after each response to ensure it sounds right.

Heres a Few Dos and Donts on Your SIPA Application COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Heres a Few Dos and Donts on Your SIPA Application COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog We know youre in the thick of preparing your applications. Here are a few pointers on how to apply. Remember, our next deadline is coming up fast on January 5th, 2018. Dont miss out on SIPA fellowship aid consideration and submit your app by this date. We are also in the process of reviewing our Early Action applications; decisions will be released by early January! Dos 1. Take your time on creating the Quantitative Resume This part of the SIPA application may seem like a chore, but it’s important for the admissions committee to really understand the applicants quantitative background. You can also use this section to showcase any research that you have done, professional work or classes that you have taken to bolster your quantitative background. My best advice is take your time on this section and make sure it is polished! 2. Take advantage of the Optional Essay Applicants often ask if it is crucial to fill out this section of the application…..and the answer is it all depends. If you have anything that you are concerned about on your application, like your GRE Scores, a low GPA, or not having enough work experience, this is where you can really take the time to explain yourself. The admissions committee will not make any assumptions on your application and this is the opportunity that you have to fill in those gaps or red flags. Don’ts 1. Avoid having a vague Personal Essay Statement This is the one section of your application you will be able to show your personality and convey your goals post-graduate school. The more confident and specific you can be in your personal statement the better it will be for you to tell your story. I would say avoid listing all of your accomplishments from your resume because believe it or not, it happens and it’s not compelling to read. 2. Make sure you address your essays and tailor personal statements to SIPA and not another school We understand that most applicants are also applying to other graduate programs in addition to SIPA, however, it is important applicants are diligent and address their essay to the correct school. The last thing that you want to happen is to submit a very generic essay and then address it to the wrong school.

The Life And Success Of Jean Piaget. By. Jasmine Simmons.

The Life and Success of Jean Piaget By Jasmine Simmons Harris Stowe State University EDUC 0223 (01) Introduction: Jean William Fritz Piaget born (August 9th 1896 – September 6th1980) in Neuchatel, Switzerland, would become one of the worlds best Philosopher and Psychologist. One of his best works was the Cognitive Development on children which is also used in today’s way of how a child learns as well as the Binet Intelligent Test which is still used in today’s school system. Piaget was a very inquisitive child and began his scientific research at the age of 11. He found it very interested at a very young age how a child learn and think. Born to a Swiss father and French mother, Jean Piaget was the oldest child. His father, Arthur†¦show more content†¦Also during the 1920s, Piaget worked with 2 other scientists; Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet to study more on how a child learn and the certain connections between a child’s age and the natures of his errors. (Jean Piaget Biograghy). This study grew more interest about how a child learn for Jean Piaget and he also found out that during this study that most younger children seem to make a lot more mistakes than older children or young adults. â€Å"Factual knowledge should not be equated with intelligence or understanding.† -Jean Piaget (biograpghy.com Editors, 2017) Piaget allowed children to learn from their mistakes and explain to him what they learn from it. He then came to the conclusion that children mistakes are innocently made from lack of experience. Piaget also believed in social interaction with children as well, building a strong foundation and relation with children in order for them to learn. Piaget got married in 1923 to a woman by the name of Valerie Chatenay and had 3 children that he also did many cognitive studies on. This study lasted until 1929 and he then became the Director of the International Bureau of Education. During his time of this study, he also was drafted in the annual ‘Director’s Speech for the IBE Council’ every year as well as the

The Public School System Is Made Up Of A Diverse Group Of...

The public school system is made up of a diverse group of individuals that have the same common goal, to learn. Schools have the task of educating and meeting the academic and social needs of all students regardless of their learning ability. Most students are able to successfully survive with the general population and receive the same services as their peers. There are some students that require additional resources and services to be able to learn and access the curriculum. Students with disabilities are those students that have been tested and meet the criteria to be identified to receive specialized educational services. During the early 2000’s students with exceptionalities were mainstreamed into the regular classroom setting and everyone knew who they were. They usually didn’t attend the class every day and didn’t have to complete the assignments that all of the other students had to complete. They would generally come late to class, leave early, and sometimes have someone with them. No one made fun of them because all the students knew that they were â€Å"special† and accepted them as part of the class. There were other students that were in the school that students knew was there but they never attended the classes with everyone else. They would change classes but never would have books and also seem to never have homework or the daily struggles that most of the students had. The general population had no idea that they were identified as students withShow MoreRelatedRalph Ellison s Invisible Man1268 Words   |  6 Pagesyet, in the meantime offering the pursuer a look into his one of a kind view of the occasions that occur all throughout the novel. As the novel unfolds it turns out to be clear to the audience that anonymous storyteller is an extremely gullible individual, who, because of his honesty, is living to satisfy the indiscreet desires of others. 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“The Evacuation of Children in World War Two Was a Great Success” Free Essays

How far do the sources you have used support this interpretation of evacuation in World War Two? (25 marks) Before the War in September 1939, the government understood the risk of air raids and the danger they bring upon major cities in England. Plans for evacuation started as early as 15 years before in 1924; the Air Raid Precaution Committee (ARPC) identified London as the main target, with children as the biggest concern.The government identified, after the ARPC produced a report on the potential disasters of air raid attacks in 1925, that maintaining civilian morale was a priority, and that the fear of bombing would bring it down. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Evacuation of Children in World War Two Was a Great Success† or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, to prevent low morale (and also to ensure safety for what would be the future generation and social regeneration of Britain), the technique of evacuation was introduced. ‘Success’, in this case, is somewhat difficult to measure as it is a broad term when it comes to asking if it can be seen as a success in terms of numbers: ‘did the government send out as many people as they hoped to? or as a question of the success in the ‘well being of the evacuees’, and questioned as the overall safety of the evacuees: if death and casualty had been avoided/prevented. These sources help to show whether or not evacuation in World War Two was a ‘success’. Evacuation can be seen as a success if the evacuees, specifically children were ‘happy’. This is important as being considered ‘successful’ as whether or not they were treated well and were happy would influence the public morale of the citizens remaining in the city.For example, source one shows a group of children with their accompanying teacher in a Berkshire village, 1939. They appear to be ‘happy’ and well looked after; they seem well dressed and smiling in a peaceful, unthreatening looking setting, safely away from the danger of bombs/air raids. Also, as a teacher is shown to be with them, success id further proven in that the government managed to continue educational services throughout the operation (this point is additionally shown in sources three and four).This suggests evacuation was a success. Though, as the photo shows evacuation in a positive light, it could suggest a propaganda element. However, though possible, it seems unlikely that the photo is staged making it reliable to determine evacuation as a success through child ‘well-being’ and happiness. Furthermore, a view of it being successful in this way is source three, a newspaper extract from Kent, September 1939. The overall impression given is that evacuation was very much a successful operation.According to the source for the majority, it was a ‘happy adventure and homesickness quickly fled’. Again, this suggests success in the well being of the evacuees, though the source goes on to show this further saying that children were ‘eating high teas beyond their dreams and went up to bedrooms larger than thought possible’. From this we can infer that evacuation was a success in the way that children were living better out in the countryside not only for safety, but for lifestyle as well.However, this source is much less reliable that source one as it appears to be in fact very biased as a newspaper trying to imply the best out of evacuation to keep morale high, so it is harder to derive a conclusion of success from the source. Another way in which success is shown through the sources is that evacuation did the job that it was set out to do: to protect the children, and those who are at most risk, from the danger of war, specifically bombing in the city. Source five is a picture showing a bombed school playground in London.From this, we can infer that this is an example of what the government was trying to move children/evacuees away from. It also shows how, being a school playground, children were indeed at risk, thus, by sending the children away, they were, as far as we know, doing a good job of keeping them safe. Overall, this source shows that evacuation was successful as we can infer that children would clearly be safer out of the city, thus justifying evacuation itself. To further justify evacuation and therefore show its success in keeping evacuees safe, source six shows casualties in Liverpool.It shows that the death rate was generally over 100 and even in May 1941, at 1453. Again, this justifies the need to evacuate and the safety achieved through evacuation. Finally, sources three shows the success in evacuation as the sources show effectiveness and good organisation as a success of evacuation. This encompasses overall efficiency and pre-evacuation planning. To be able to transport the huge amount of 1million (intended 4million) to the countryside required this efficiency and overall, sources three and source two mention the efficiency and order of the transport (trains) and organisation in the countryside.In source three, a newspaper article from Kent, says that the departures were efficient, reflecting that it was seen to that ‘each child got milk and food’, and followed up with ‘no confusion’. Even source two, though showing evacuation in a negative way, also comments that the trains ‘ran to time’ and that evacuation came ‘complete with teachers’. Having teachers is shown in sources one, three and four as well. In source one, it is shown as a teacher with a group of children, in three there are mentioned ‘teachers in charge’ and in four, the graph shows about 103,000 teachers were evacuated.The fact that they were able to organise having teachers for the children, as well as having sufficient transport for a million people, shows great planning and effectiveness of the evacuation programme as a success in World War Two. On the other hand, evacuation can be seen as unsuccessful through the sources. One point is that of numbers; according to source four, ‘4 million had been planned for but only 1. 5million went’.Source four is most probably reliable as it is a textbook extract, with the main aim of ‘to inform’, and thus the historian writing this has no reason to twist the truth. Even though this shows efficiency, it shows how evacuation was not successful, as it didn’t go according to government’s plans. It also could suggest that the public didn’t see quite the same urgency to evacuate as the government. This interpretation is further shown as one of the sources is a propaganda poster discouraging mothers to bring their children back to the city.This shows this unsuccessful side to evacuation as it shows that mothers needed this encouragement though posters. This shows how evacuation was unsuccessful in encouraging the public. Source seven suggests that social barriers were broken with the ‘effect of showing one side of the nation to the other’, however two sources suggest different: source 2, a source showing a mainly negative view on evacuation, implies that the social responsibility was not evenly spread and that ‘the poor housed the poor and the wealthy evaded their responsibilities’. This is an alternate view that people weren’t treating the evacuees correctly that goes against mainly source one and three. Source one and three are both from the start of the war (1939 specifically) and therefore could be seen as too specific to generalise a positive experience for the duration on the war and that perhaps source two, a negative view, is a better outlook, despite being a secondary source, on the success of the war as it shows a view over time. Considering all the elements that determine whether ‘The evacuation of children in World War Two was a great success’, I believe that evacuation was in fact a success in most ways of measuring ‘success’: the overall operation fulfilled it’s aims of protecting children from bombs to safer quieter areas of the country (like source one depicts) and that the government did so in an orderly, effective fashion. However, I would not call the evacuation programme a ‘completely’ a success nor a ‘great success’ thorough considering that fewer went than planned and that it is difficult to derive a positive experience from the evacuees themselves. A ‘great success’ suggests complete fulfilment of original plans and a large majority happy and well treated in the operation. Not all sources agree with this, thus, overall, I conclude my agreement that evacuation in World War Two was successful, though not a ‘great’ success. How to cite â€Å"The Evacuation of Children in World War Two Was a Great Success†, Essays

Price Elasticity of Demand and Health Care free essay sample

Running Heading: Price Elasticity and Health Care Price Elasticity of Demand and Health Care Table of Contents I. II. Introduction III. Measure of Health Care Demand IV. Price Elasticity of Demand for HealthCare V. RAND Study VI. Health Care Trends in 2007 VII. Summary Introduction The Health Care System in the U. S continues to be a topic of debate as the cost for health care continue to grow. Many Americans are being forces to change the way they use the health care system as the costs rising faster than their income. More than 6 in 10 Americans with ealth insurance coverage indicate that the costs they are responsible for paying under their plan have increased in the past year. This paper examines the elasticity of demand for health care services. Measure of Health Care Demand The demand for health care is often measured by the quantity of services used such as the number of doctor visits, prescriptions filled or inpatient hospital stays. We will write a custom essay sample on Price Elasticity of Demand and Health Care or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The demand is also measured by the total costs of the services. The cost of health care for the consumer usually depends on the amount of premiums, deductible, and coinsurance or copayments that they are required to contribute. The amounts can vary and this can make it difficult to estimate the price elasticity of demand for health care services. In order to gage the effect of price changes, the researcher would need to determine the effective price that a consumer is willing to pay for an additional unit of health care services. Elasticity of Demand for Health Care The price elasticity of demand measures the percentage change in quantity demanded resulting from a 1 percent change in price. The elasticity of demand for a product or service will vary depending on the level of price and quantity at which it is evaluated. The elasticity of demand can vary depending on the different combinations of price and quantity demanded. As the norm, the price elasticity of demand will always be negative. This indicates that the consumer will demand less of the service or good as the price increase all other factors held constant. The demand for health care has been consistently found to be price inelastic due to the few close substitutes for medical services. The range of price elasticity it tends to be around – 0. 17, meaning that a 1 percent increase in the cost of health care will lead to a 0. 17 percent eduction in health care expenditures. Studies show that the demand levels decrease as the levels of cost sharing decrease. Some types of services such as pharmacy and preventative care benefits are tend to have higher price elasticities since there are other goods or services that can serve as substitutes. As a result, the consumer is able to move toward substitute services or goods as the price increa ses. The demand for health care is also considered to be income inelastic. The estimates of income elasticity of demand are in the range of 0 to 0. 2. This measure indicates that as income ncreases, the demand for health care services increase as well. The demand for health care can also be affected by the services being offered by a particular health plan. The variation of out-of- pocket expenses for services or premiums can impact the number of plan enrollees and the demand for health care services paid for by that plan. RAND Study Between 1974 and 1982, the government, funded a social insurance experiment referred to as the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (HIE). The experience was intended to answer some question pertaining to the demand for health care. Families in six sites were randomly placed into different insurance plans. The plans had different levels of cost-sharing, deductible amounts and out-of-pocket maximums. Although the HIE was conducted decades ago, the results of the studies are considered the â€Å"gold standard† for health demand elasticity estimates. The HIE studies compared health care use among individuals in different insurance plans. The studies indicated that use of health care services in the HIE was not affected by the out-of-pocket maximums. For coinsurance rates between 0 and 25 percent, the price elasticity of medical expenditures was found to be –0. 17. Consistent with the patterns seen in observational studies, the demand for health care was found to be somewhat more price sensitive as the coinsurance rate increased. In the HIE, coinsurance rates between 25 and 95 percent yielded elasticity estimates of –0. 22. The health care system has changed over the years since the experiment was conducted. There have been significant advances in medical technology and the pharmaceutical market. Healthcare Trends in 2007 Health care costs were estimated to 16. 2% of the U. S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. The 2007 Health Confidence Survey (HCS) is conducted annually to get feedback from Americans regarding the health care system in the U. S. The survey was conducted within the United States between May 17 and June 10, 2007, through 20-minute telephone interviews with 1,000 individuals ages 21 and older. Random digit dialing was used to obtain a representative cross section of the U. S. population. The results show that rising health care costs are affecting the way that consumers use the health care system. Although some positive changes have been made, some consumers are delaying going to the doctor or not filling prescriptions due to the high cost. Some of the trends identified in the survey are: . 63 percent of Americans with health insurance coverage reported they experienced an increase in The costs they are responsible for paying under their plan in the past year. Of these, a large percentage says the increased costs have caused them to try to take better care of themselves (81 percent in 2007; 71 percent in 2005), talk to the doctor more regarding treatment o ptions and costs (66 percent in 2007; 57 percent in 2005), go to the doctor only for serious conditions or symptoms (64 percent in 2007; 54 percent in 2005), delay going to the doctor (50 percent in 2007; 40 percent in 2005), and not fill or skip doses of heir prescribed medications(28 percent in 2007; 21 percent in 2005). †¢ Those consumers that incurred cost increases are also likely to report that these increases have negatively affected their household finances. For some, the increase resulted in a decrease in contributions to retirement (30 percent) and other savings (52 percent) and difficulty paying for basic necessities (29 percent) and other bills (36 percent). †¢ Three-quarters of those with employment-based health coverage (76 percent) state they would prefer $7,500 in employment-based health benefits to an additional $7,500 in taxable income. Six in 10 rate the health care system as fair (29 percent) or poor (30 percent). Many consumers feel the health care sys tem needs a complete overhaul (24 percent) or requires major changes (47 percent). †¢ While half of Americans (51 percent) remain satisfied with health care quality, less than 2 in 10 are satisfied with the cost of health insurance (18 percent) or with costs not covered by insurance (16 percent). Many consumers believe they have no impact or no influence on the overall health care costs. Due to the rising health care costs, many American consumers are concerned about how the costs nd 15% view health care as a critical issue. While that is a small percentage, the dissatisfaction with the American health care system is widespread. Summary As the life expectancy has increased over the years, the demand of health care has increased. The cost of health care has also continued to increase, however, there will always be a demand for health care services. The demand for health care will be affected by economic variables such as plan design, income, and risk preferences. Overall, the pr ice elasticity of demand for heath care is relatively low. References The Kaiser Family Foundation (2007, September). Trend in Health Care Costs and Spending Retrieved November 30, 2007 from http://www. kff. org/insurance/upload/7692. pdf Employee Benefit Research Institute (2007, November) Notes: 2007 Health Confidence Survey: Rising HealthCare Costs Are Changing the Ways Americans Use the Health Care System. Retrieved December 3, 2007 from http://www. ebri. org. Ringel, Hosek, Vollaard, and Mahnovski. (2005) The Elasticity of Demand for Health Care: A Review of the Literature and Its Application to the Military Health System. Retrieved December 5, 2007 from http://www. rand. org/pubs/monograph_reports/2005/MR1355. pdf.

Science Investigatory Project of Group Essays

Science Investigatory Project of Group Essays Science Investigatory Project of Group Paper Science Investigatory Project of Group Paper Fertilizers are any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of the plant. Good fertility is fundamental to successful plant growth and the application of fertilizers and manures is an essential graining act activity. The maintenance of adequate levels of nutrients in the soil is essential for healthy plant growth. The present study deals with the utilization fruit peels for the effective growth of plants and higher yield. Different fruit peels such as, Orange pineapple and banana were used. Scope and Limitations: This investigation is limited only to prove if orange, banana, and pineapple peelings can help to lower the acidity of soil. The acidity of soil is tested by the litmus paper . This investigation may finish within one week. Significance of the Study Orange (citrus genesis), banana (MUSM communicate) and pineapple Nanas commons) peeling possesses special properties that is needed to control the acidity of the soil.. These materials will be used a fertilizer and tested its ability to germinate mug beans(vagina radiate). This study will promote the relevance of farming by using these materials as a fertilizer and as new crop. It encourages households to recycle their orange and banana peelings to compost it in their plots and grow mug beans as an alternative crop. Finally, it inspire people to further study and search for more benefits from fruits, vegetables and other agricultural reduces. Acidic soil having a pH value less than 4 have toxic amounts of Aluminum and Manganese. Alkaline soils have iron, manganese, zinc, boron and copper deficiency. Fertilizer use, plant root activity, and rainfall are some of the causes of soil pH decrease. Accumulation of magnesium and calcium salts results in having an alkaline soil. Bananas are a good source of manganese, vitamin BE and vitamin C. They are also a great source of energy. It is rich in potassium that helps counter the effects of sodium. Aside from manganese, it is also a good source of magnesium and copper. The mineral magnesium helps to strengthen the bones and help avoid cardiac-related problems. The mineral copper can help anemic persons gain red blood cells. It is also a source of vitamin C. Banana peelings are rich in anti-oxidants and potassium. It can be used for skin care purposes. The peelings can help treat splinters and scratches. They can be used in polishing. The website http:// www. Intercommunications. Com/2014/never-throw-away-orange- banana-peels. HTML says that the peelings can absorb lead and copper from water. Oranges belong to the Reeducate family of the genus; Citrus. Its scientific name is Citrus Genesis. Oranges are rich in Pectin which helps to protect the mucous membrane of the colon. Oranges have very good levels of Vitamin A which is essential for vision and healthy skin. It has very good amounts Of potassium and calcium. It is an excellent source of Vitamin C which helps the body to develop resistance against infectious agents. Organic, pesticide free orange peels are edible and help to improve digestion. Orange peels can help people with oily skin. It can be added to meat dishes to enhance its flavor. Powdered Orange peels can help some respiratory problems. Orange peels can also help a person experiencing nausea. Pineapples are a fruit from the species Nanas commons. It is rich in foliates, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and minerals like copper, manganese and potassium. It is an excellent source of vitamin C which is required for the collagen synthesis in the body. It is also a source of broomball which helps to break down proteins. Pineapples also are a source of vitamin A but in only a mall amount. Pineapple peelings can be used in many ways like using it to create beverages. They can be prepared to treat the skin in a form of a foot scrub. It is also a source of broomball. Pineapple peelings are rich in cellulose, homelessness and carbohydrates. Pineapple peelings can also be turned into other things or just to produce fragrance. The purpose of this study is to find an alternative way to change the pH of soil. Success in this study will give some fruit peelings a new use which will lessen garbage. Using fruit peelings can be better as not everyone can have access to agricultural lime or sulfates. Gardeners and farmers also have a greater access to fruit peelings since some plant fruits. They can use their very own products to change the soil pH. METHODOLOGY To test the effect of fruit peelings to the acidity of soil, materials will be collected or prepared in order to have a successful experiment. The materials needed for this study are litmus paper, five containers with same sizes, fruit peelings from different kinds Of fruits, specifically Orange, Banana and Pineapple, 2 kilograms of soil, water and quail eggshells. Litmus paper will be used to test the acidity of soil before and after applying the peelings. Water will be used to test soil acidity. Quail eggshells will be prepared as to have a controlled set-up. After obtaining the materials, the experiment can then be started. A scoop of soil from a container will be mixed into a cup of water. The soil and the water must be mix well. Once the soil and the water completely mixed with each other, a litmus paper will be applied to a sufficient amount. The soil must be mixed with water to allow a reaction to take place with the litmus paper. The containers will be labeled A, B, C and D. The soil will be divided into 4 containers, the fruit peelings will be added to containers A, B, and C. Each container must receive only fruit peelings from a particular plant. The container A must be filled with pineapple peelings, container B must be filled with Orange peelings and container C be filled with Banana peelings. Meanwhile, the quail eggshells will be place to container D. Allowing a day to pass will at least allow the independent variables, the fruit peelings and the quail eggshells in particular, to decompose. The testing of soil must be daily nice the peelings or eggshells will not decompose quickly. The watering of soil will also help the decomposition process of the fruit peelings and quail eggshells. Quail eggshells are the controlled variables since it is the one originally used. A chart or a notebook will be prepared for recording the observations.

Dam and Damn - Commonly Confused Words

Dam and Damn - Commonly Confused Words The words dam and damn are homophones: they sound the same but have different meanings.The noun dam refers to a barrier that holds back water. As a verb, dam means to hold back or confine. As a verb, damn means to criticize or to condemn as bad or inferior. As an interjection, damn is used to express anger, frustration, or disappointment. As an adjective, damn serves as a shorted form of damned. Examples Are you that little Dutch  boy with the finger in the dam trying to prevent the wall from coming down and the water from flooding your valley?  (Jeanette C. Morgan, The Voice That Must Be Heard. Tate, 2010)The Boers were unsuccessful in their efforts to dam up the Klip River in order to flood the town.Damn them, he cursed inwardly, years of bitter resentment welling up inside him. Damn them for laughing, damn the driver for swearing at him! Damn the whole town.(James Herbert, The Fog. Pan Macmillan, 1999) Practice The man could be concealing the fact that his stones were enchanted by black magic, helping to _____ the person who used them.  (Piers Anthony, On a Pale Horse. Del Rey Books, 1983)Waves were crashing against the _____ in front of us, and we were drenched by the wild spray.There was a treaty that said the Indians could always fish the falls. But the government wanted to build a _____ to generate electricity for the cities and store water for the farmers.  (Craig Lesley, Winterkill. Houghton Mifflin, 1984) Answers to Practice Exercises The man could be concealing the fact that his stones were enchanted by black magic, helping to  damn  the person who used them. (Piers Anthony,  On a Pale Horse.  Del Rey Books, 1983)Waves were crashing against the  dam  in front of us, and we were drenched by the wild spray.There was a treaty that said the Indians could always fish the falls. But the government wanted to build a  dam  to generate electricity for the cities and store water for the farmers.   (Craig Lesley,  Winterkill. Houghton Mifflin, 1984)

Pornography in a Contemporary Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pornography in a Contemporary Culture - Essay Example There are several reasons why it should be treated in such a way. To begin with, it would not be an exaggeration to suggest that many people use pornography as exhaust valve to release sexual tension. Indeed, such movies and clips are primarily targeted at lonely people who would like to experience intimacy, but they are currently not only to do so. In addition to that, it may help a person to deal with tension that may be built inside without any harm to other people around.Another point that should be mentioned that individual people or even couples might watch pornography in order to improve their sexual technique (Strossen 163). There is no doubt that the actors that are featured in such movies have mastered different aspects of this activity and are able to help those who struggle. Indeed, in this case pornography should be seen as a learning material that is watched privately. One can hardly object to the fact that healthy sexual relationship contribute to stability of romantic relationships. That is why to a certain extent such movie can reinforce a relationship.Finally, one should also note that in many countries pornography is a highly develop industry that occupies an important place in the social life. The amount of money that is generated by it is tremendous (Waskul 235). In addition to that, with the economic prosperity comes the quality of the material as well as safety for the actors. In other words, pornography should not be seen as some kind of illegal activity.

Manufacturing Operations Management (Logistics And Supply Chain Dissertation

Manufacturing Operations Management (Logistics And Supply Chain Management) - Dissertation Example Promanager analysis As pointed out in the article, Promanager faces a lot of problems. First, the company delivery system’s performance is poor and traditional. It fails to achieve customers’ delivery dates which frustrate the customers. As argued out by the Quinn (1986: PP 1-5), failure to deliver on time loses a substantial confidence and trust in product offered in the market. In this company, the product exhibits high levels of commonality and are similar in both aesthetic and performance attributes. It is argued that this firm’s the product look similar from outside and are confusing instead of exhibiting realistic and meaningful simple operating procedures. The products lack creativity and innovativeness has enabled their products to be inefficient and ineffective. This has led to dwindling of sales volume and subsequent squeeze of the market share. As the suggested in the article, the market has been flooded by the products of the Asian competitor implying that customers have shifted their loyalty from the firm’s products to the competitors’ making the company lose their customers, reputation and may lose jobs in the long run if the rate continues. There is a possibility from the report that the products are of poor technology. This has fuelled and oiled the competitors’ impetus in gaining the market share in the oil and gas industry. Second, there is a problem in the actual production process. Companies which have been in the market leader employ the customer-driven focus in their production processes. This corporation uses the batch production system based on the mass production with emphasis being given to marketing and other advertising strategies. There is a possibility of heavy operating costs that are incurred by the firm as a result of heavy and massive marketing and advertising campaigns. This is also expensive and unprofitable. As a result, it has led to fear of making bold investment by its executives in ventures such as product and market development. The company lacks a strategic approach in their course of management as evidenced. There is no evidence that the company undertakes strategic planning, no evidence of industry analysis having being carried out, there is distinct strategy that differentiates this firm from others in the same business. It can also be noted the company is on the bream line of perishing for lack of simple and operable policies, procedures and vision. The entrepreneurial culture in this company is null and void because there is no creativity and innovativeness in its operations, product outputs and service rendered to their customers. The firm also lacks a systematic and structured manufacturing and planning schedules. This is evidenced in the lack of accuracy and forecasts. This has led to mismatch between demand and supply of their product thereby resulting in failure to reach optimal results. This firm lacks strategic manufacturing plans, sound polic ies and actions plans that set in motion the policies to effect and assist the company leapfrog in sales, growth and profitability. In terms of human resource, there lacks motivation on part of employees especially the sales force. This is detrimental as it has led

The Pearl :: essays research papers

The Pearl By John Steinbeck   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The setting of the story was primarily in an impoverished Mexican-Indian community in La Paz, roughly around the 1900s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kino is a prime example of a developing character. From beginning to the end, he develops drastically. At the beginning, he was thought out to be a good loyal husband, but as time went on, he became a selfish, greedy individual who would do anything for money. Juana was Kino’s young wife. She was respectful, and very tolerant towards Kino. Coyotito was Kino and Juana’s only child. Juan Tomas was Kino’s brother, and Apolonia was his wife; both had four children, and very little is known about both of them. The doctor was a very stout, and greedy man, and didn’t heal, or treat his patients if they didn’t have money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict began when a scorpion stung Coyotito. He became very ill, and the doctor refused to cure Kino’s son for the reason that they had no money. On that very same day, Kino found the pearl that would change his life, as well as the people around him. The pearl brought great danger to Kino and his family. Everybody in the community knew about Kino’s finding, which resulted in everybody desiring the pearl.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since King Midas' lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Kino, Juana, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They’re all affected by their hunger for wealth and are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. The theme of The Pearl is mainly of man's self-destruction through greed, and the hunger for wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several different symbols in this story. The scorpion that stung Coyotito could simply mean the vulnerability and the possibility of danger that Kino and his family face ahead. The pearl may also symbolize evil, and how it brought the radical change in Kino and his wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pearl was thought to be the stability and prosperity that Kino hoped for his family. However, there were also alternate feelings of jealousy and greed in the community. The pearl was intended to solve all of Kino’s problems, but it ended up destroying his life, dreams, and the death of his son.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kino lived with his wife Juana, and his baby son Coyotito in a brush hut. Coyotito got stung by a scorpion, and got very ill.

Existentialism and Film Noir

Existentialism and Film Noir Existentialism and its worldview are believed to have derived from Nietzsche’s provocative and controversial statement â€Å"God is dead†. The underlying meaning to Nietzsche’s controversial statement is that empirical natural science has replaced metaphysical explanations of the world. As a result of this, according to Nietzsche we no longer have any sense of who and what we are as human beings.He concludes that no foundation exists anymore for the meaning and value of things. Nietzsche’s philosophy shines light on what film noir is. That is, an artistic response to, or recognition of, this alteration in our understanding of the world. To emphasize the existentialist attitude in film noir, various stylistic and thematic techniques are used.Common techniques or characteristics of film noir that we see in both The Maltese Falcon and The Killers include: unconventional or non-classical narrative patterns, opposition of light and shadow, disorientation of the viewer, incoherent plot lines, inversion of traditional values and its corresponding moral ambivalence, non-chronological ordering of events, and characters whose actions are not motivated or understandable in any rational way.The similarities of characteristics between existentialism and film noir are prominent; for example, Siodmak and Huston distinguish the alienation and disorientation of a post-Nietzschean world, one without transcendent meaning or value. The constant opposition of light and shadow as seen in The Maltese Falcon and The Killers, helps communicate the dark characteristics of a post-Nietzschean world. For instance, when the swede peacefully awaits his assassins, we get a sense of estrangement and lack of sense and meaning.This lack of sense and meaning is further emphasized when the room goes dark and you see him from the neck down in light, but the face is in total shadow. A sense of despair is created through this camera technique b y showing that no one else is in the room, leaving him hopeless to escape. A common characteristic of film noir that we see in both The Maltese Falcon, and The Killers, is the use of unconventional or non-classical narrative patterns. The use of non-classical narrative patterns emphasizes the cynical characteristics of a post-Nietzschean world.For instance, in The Maltese Falcon, Miss Ruth Wonderly initially claims to Spade and Archer to be searching for her sister, however her true intentions were to implicate Thursby her unwanted accomplice by killing Archer. Miss Ruth Wonderly’s contemptuous behavior coincides with the pessimistic view about the nature and purpose of human life. Non-classical patterns are established through various stylistic techniques. Such as the non-chronological ordering of events, often achieved through flashbacks. An example of this technique is seen in The Killers, when flashbacks are used to tell the story leading up to Ole Andersen’s death .The use of flashbacks and complicated sometimes-incoherent plot lines, as in The Maltese Falcon, are examples of the stylistic techniques that are used in film noir to communicate the mood and sensibility. A final common technique that is used in film noir is portraying characters whose actions are not motivated or understandable in any rational way. For example, why does Miss Wonderly lie about her name and objective in the beginning of The Maltese Falcon when she is sure to get caught at some point? By portraying the characters in this manner, Huston leaves the viewer with unanswered questions, leading to the disorientation of the viewer.It has been argued that film noir cannot be defined, therefore has no essential characteristics. That being said, considering noir as a response to the death of god helps explain the commonality of elements that philosophers have recognized in noir films. Moreover, the directors of The Maltese Falcon and The Killers use of thematic and stylistic characteristics in their films make them two of the best examples of film noir. They clearly depict a world of the post-Nietzschean period in their films, that is one of despair, alienation, and paranoia, which is essentially an existential attitude towards life.

William Shakespeare s Othello - Light And Darkness

Light and darkness have both been constant re-appearing themes within stories since the early stages of history. In the story of Othello, Shakespeare consistently uses these themes in order to help portray his characters. Particularly, using them to highlight race issues during the 1600s, as well acknowledging the racial association with good and bad. He uses these aspects of light and dark carefully to symbolize transitions of characters an their actions. Shakespeare also uses light and dark to interconnect with biblical representations of characters and their doings. Many racial slurs are slung throughout the story in relation to the color of Othello as he is of a black descent. In this story, Iago is a devilish character who stirs a†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of the story the star struck couple get married and have intense love and feelings for one another. However, their love is tested and pushed beyond boundaries where good and evil begin to contaminate each other due to Iago’s evil plans. From Othello explaining â€Å"The heavens forbid†¦but that our loves and comforts should increase†(Shakespeare, 2.1.210-211). As one can see, Othello is infatuated with Desdemona and has high hopes for their marriage, ultimately believing they are un-separable. Nevertheless, from the lies and set-ups caused by Iago fueled by Rodrigo’s love for Desdemona and his hate of Othello’s status, this allowed the darkness of Iago to spill into Othello’s mind which poisoned the relationship with his jealousy. This is shown towards the end of the story where Othello states â€Å"She’s like a liar†¦twas I that killed her†(Shakespeare,5.2.160). These star-struck lovers are miscegenation characters, that allowed their relationship to turn sour and vindictive . This scene shows the transition of good to evil and so the projected imagery of light to darkness can also be compared biblically. Adam and Eve were t he supposed light that God put upon the earth which was pure. Yet the devil/snake whom can be represented by Iago, lead Othello, who could represent Adam and Eve to believe the decietful lies they shouldn’t and become manipulated by Iago/Satan which resulted in actions thatShow MoreRelatedOthello : Racism And The Moor1013 Words   |  5 Pages Othello: Racism and the Moor William Shakespeare’s Othello uses the racial tensions of the period to enhance the execution of the play subtly. At the time of his writing, ethnic minorities were so disregarded, almost to the point of being ignored, yet Shakespeare chooses to make the protagonist a black male who rises to power. Repeatedly throughout the play, the contrast of black and white as opposites permeates almost every plotline. 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One figure which seems appropriate to such discussions, but so far neglected it seems, is the figure of Lilith. Indeed, in the case of Shakespearean criticism, Lilith seems an appropriate model at times for such characters as Goneril, Regan, Lady Macbeth, and so forth. Accordingly, it is my intention to